空军战士-第13部分

快捷操作: 按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页 按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页 按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部! 如果本书没有阅读完，想下次继续接着阅读，可使用上方 "收藏到我的浏览器" 功能 和 "加入书签" 功能！


ehind　and　on　either　side。　Surbeck　wasone　of　those　on　the　wing　of　the　leader。　The　second　echelon　was　forty　feetbelow　and　forty　feet　back　of　the　lead　echelon。　The　seventh　aircraft；　knownas　〃Tail　End　Charlie；〃　was　behind　the　second　echelon。　Flying　the　wing；　evenfor　Surbeck；　was　more　difficult　than　being　in　the　lead；　but　easier　thanflying　Tail　End　Charlie。　As　the　last　plane　in　the　squadron；　Tail　End　Charliewas　the　most　vulnerable　if　German　fighters　attacked；　and　it　was　the　hardestposition　to　hold。　Usually　new　pilots　and　crews　got　that　assignment。　On　thewing；　Surbeck　wanted　to　stay　close　to　the　plane　he　was　flying　on　so　as　tomake　as　small　and　infrequent　power　changes　as　possible；　to　save　the　enginesand　save　fuel。　Pilot　Lt。　John　Smith；　said　that　〃in　due　course　flying　formationbecame　a　reflex　like　driving　a　car。〃　The　group　consisted　of　four　squadrons；the　lead　box；　the　high　box；　the　low　box　and　the　middle　box。
More　climbing；　to　20；000　and　eventually　25；000　feet　over　the　Adriatic。Then　off　for　the　target。　When　the　group　got　to　the　initial　point　it　turned。But　clouds　had　moved　in　over　Linz　and　the　lead　pilot　decided　to　abort。　Heturned；　so　did　the　others；　and　returned　to　base；　still　fully　loaded　withthe　bombs。
________________________
McGovern’s　first　mission　went　better　than　that　of　Lt。　David　Gandin；a　navigator　in　a　B…24。　In　his　war　diary；　Gandin　reported　that　when　his　Liberator；called　the　Snafu；　was　over　the　target　a　piece　of　flak　came　through　the　cockpitwindow。　The　pilot；　Lt。　Bill　Marsh；　lost　the　top　of　his　head。　The　co…pilot；Lt。　Hilary　Bevins；　was　on　his　first　mission。　He　called　to　his　radio　man；who　came　to　the　cockpit　wearing　a　walkaround　oxygen　bottle　〃and　removedMarsh　from　the　pilot’s　seat。　Bevins　couldn　’t　stand　it　with　Marsh　in　theseat　and　all　the　blood　flowing　around。
〃Bevins　moved　over　to　the　pilot　’s　seat　and　kept　in　the　formation　untilit　headed　off。
All　the　passes　were　out；　so　Bevins　flew　the　opposite　direction　ofthe　setting　sun。　All　the　men　were　freezing　because　of　the　hole　in　the　topof　the　cockpit。　The　engineer　was　sick　to　his　stomach　from　all　the　blood。Bevins’　eyeball　was　scratched　and　Marsh’s　blood　was　frozen　on　his　hands。〃
When　darkness　descended；　Blevin　’s　flew　opposite　the　North　Star。　FinallySnafu　got　back　to　base　　—　but　Bevins　had　never　made　a　night　landing　before。〃As　he　came　in；　he　banked　too　far　to　the　left　and　knocked　off　the　left　landinggear；　bounced　over　and　did　the　same　to　the　right　one；　the　ship　crash…landedand　caught　on　fire。
〃Thank　God　all　got　out　okay；　though　Bevins　wouldn　’t　leave　till　theytook　Marsh’s　body　out　also。　The　plane　burned　to　a　crisp。〃
Learning　to　Fly　in　bat（2）
On　November　17；　McGovern　flew　his　second　mission　as　Surbeck　’s　co…pilot。The
target　was　marshaling　yards　in　Gyor；　Hungary。　Over　the　target　the　flakbegan。　It　was　heavy　and　accurate。　Sticking　tight　to　the　formation；　his　planeand　the　others　could　achieve　a　better　bomb　pattern　but　it　also　made　a　concentratedtarget　for　the　flak　gunners。　〃It　was　just　solid　black　except　for　flashesof　red　where　shells　were　exploding；〃　McGovern　remembered。　The　Germans　wereusing　a　box…type　defense。　Each　of　the　88s　fired　into　an　area　as　the　bombersapproached；　the　shells　traveling　faster　than　the　speed　of　sound　and　setto　explode　at　the　group　’s　altitude。　〃They　just　boxed　it。〃　The　boxes　were2；000　feet　deep　and　2；000　feet　wide；　sometimes　more。　The　German　antiaircraftunits　employed　almost　a　million　personnel　and　operated　over　50；000　guns；most　of　them　the　dreaded　88s。　The　shells　were　time…fused　to　explode　at　20；000feet；　or　above　or　below　that　altitude　according　to　the　flight　pattern。　Asthe　shells　exploded；　sending　out　hundreds　of　pieces　of　steel　shrapnel　thathad　a　killing　zone　radius　of　some　thirty　feet；　the　bombers　flew　into　them。〃Well　they　had　filled　that　box；〃　McGovern　said。　A　standard　expression　fromSurbeck　or　crew　members　was　that　〃the　flak　was　so　thick　you　could　walk　onit。〃　McGovern　〃often　wondered　if　that　’s　the　way　hell　looks。〃
Another　pilot；　Lt。　Robert　Reichard；　recalled　that　〃the　barrage　was　sointense　that　the　daylight　disappeared　and　it　was　as　if　someone　had　cut　outthe　sun。〃　The　B…24's　had　nowhere　to　hide　and　with　the　ground　25；000　feetbelow；　there　was　no　place　to　dig　in。　The　bursts　around　them　posed　a　threatto　the　airplane；　as　it　had　ten　500　pound　bombs　and　over　2；000　gallons　of100　octane　gas　on　board。
When　the　bombs　dropped　the　plane　jumped　a　few　feet。　〃Everything　improvedwhen　they　went　away；〃　Lt。　Vincent　Fagan　remembered。　〃The　plane　was　5；000or　6；000　pounds　lighter；　we　were　leaving　the　flak　instead　of　going　intoit　and　we　could　take　evasive　action　—　usually　a　diving　turn　towards　theshortest　escape　route　from　the　flak　area。〃
____________________
One　didn’t　always　get　out　of　the　flak。　On　his　first　mission；　October7；　1944；　B…24　pilot　J。I。　Merritt；　in　Liberty　Belle；　flew　over　Vienna　tohit　an　oil　refinery。　After　dropping　the　bombs；　he　banked　steeply　to　theleft　and　headed　toward　the　rally　point　and　home。　Sgt。　Art　Johnson；　a　waistgunner　and　assistant　engineer；　was　on　his　twenty…sixth　mission。　He　recalled；〃We　had　flown　through　the　worst　of　the　flak。　I　sighed　a　bit；　for　this　wasmy　third　time　in　the　vicinity　of　Vienna　and　I　knew　about　where　the　flakbegan　and　ended。〃　Just　then；　there　were　four　explosions　in　quick　succession。
Johnson　’s　oxygen　hose　pulled　apart；　his　gun　was　knocked　out　of　hishand；　and　he　hit　the　floor；　hard。　Luckily　his　headset　stayed　connected　andhe　heard　Merritt　ask；　〃Is　everyone　okay？〃　Johnson　checked　the　tail　gunnerand　the　ball　turret　gunner；　then　pressed　his　mike。　〃Pilot　from　left　waist—　everyone　okay　back　here。〃　But　he　added；　〃Number　three　engine　throwingoil　and　smoke；　number　four　dead；　holes　in　flaps　and　wings。　Over。〃
Johnson　later　found　out　that　the　first　burst　had　exploded　directly　infront　of　the　plane　and　the　force　of　it　took　the　top　off　the　nose　turret。The　second　burst　came　through　and　cut　the　nose　wheel　and　tire　in　two；　cutthe　interphone　lines　to　the　nose　and　also　the　oxygen　lines。　The　third　burstripped　up　the　underside　of　the　right　wing　and　exploded　in　number　four　engine。The　gunner　in　the　top　turret；　Sgt。　Nick　Corbo；　had　just　breathed　easy　andsaid　to　himself；　〃We’ve　made　this　one；〃　when　the　bursts　came。　One　pieceof　shrapnel　exploded　through　the　flight　deck。　Johnson　and　the　other　crewmembers　began　throwing　everything　that　was　loose　out　of　the　plane。　Ammunition；guns；　flak　suits；　anything　and　everything　that　was　loose　except　themselves。Merritt　fought　the　wheel　as　the　plane　heaved　and　slowed　to　the　brink　ofstalling。　Then　it　began　dropping。　Gasoline　streamed　from　the　riddled　wingtanks；　filling　the　plane　with　the　reek　of　the　fuel。　Only　one　engine　wasstill　working；　and　that　one　hardly　was。　The　plane　had　dropped　from　25；000feet　to　12；000　and　was　still　going　down。　Merritt　managed　to　get　up　somespeed　and　cross　into　Yugoslavia。　Down　to　2；000　feet　and　almost　out　of　fuel；he　called　out　over　the　inter；　〃Bail　out　and　good　luck！〃
Johnson　recalled　that　the　right　waist　gunner　was　the　first　out；　followedby　the　tail　gunner　and　the　ball　turret　gunner。　〃I　was　alone　in　back。　I　facedthe　front　of　the　ship　and　put　my　head　between　my　knees　and　out　I　went。　Theslipstream　caught　me　and　I　went　end　for　end。　By　the　time　I　had　slowed　downa　bit　I　had　pulled　my　rip　cord。　One　long　pull。　I　was　jerked　straight　upand　down　as　the　silk　billowed　open　and　I　breathed　a　prayer　of　thanks。〃
Johnson　and　the　others；　including　Merritt　and　the　co…pilot；　landed　moreor　less　intact。　They　were　picked　up　by　partisans　who　managed　to　get　themback　to　Italy；　but　not　until　November　26。
Lt。　Glenn　Rendahl；　a　co…pilot　from　Hollywood；　California；　with　the　514thSquadron；　said　that　on　his　first　mission；　the　flak　〃exceeded　whatever　weexpected。〃　On　McGovern’s　second　mission　one　bomber　of　the　group　was　lost。Again　there　were　clouds；　but　the　lead　bomber　had　the　Mickey　radar　and　usedit　to　find　the　railroad　and　dropped　his　bombs。　The　twenty…seven　planes　followingdid　also。　But　because　of　the　clouds；　no　observation　of　results　could　bemade。
________________
On　his　first　mission；　navigator　Pepin　of　the　741st　saw　a　lot　of　flak；saw　some　B…24's　get　hit；　but　his　plane　managed　to　drop　its　bombs　successfully。He　felt　a　sense　of　joy　as　the　plane　headed　home。　The　bomb　bay　doors　wereclosing　and　the　aircraft’s　speed　was　increasing。　〃The　going…home　sightof　the　Alps　in　the　early　afternoon　was　far　more　beautiful　than　the　morningone。〃　The　radiomen　tuned　to　the　Armed　Services　Radio　station　in　Foggia　andover　the　inter　the　crew　listened　to　the　latest　hit　records。　Both　dangerand　the　crew’s　stamina　diminished　on　the　home…bound　run　and　〃our　elationand　silliness　increased。〃　Everyone　was　〃tired；　hungry　and　thirsty；〃　as　theirbreakfast　and　coffee　had　been　hours　ago。　Finally　Pepin　could　see　Cerignolaand　his　plane　circled　the　field。　Then；　and　on　later　missions；　〃My　favoritesight　and　sound　was　hearing　the　tires　touch　the　steel　mat　on　landing　andseeing　the　props　e　to　a　halt。〃　After　nine　hours　of　〃grueling；　horrendous；nerve…wracking　flying；　the　mission　was　over。〃
________________________
For　Sgt。　Robert　Hammer；　now　a　radio　operator　with　the　742nd　Squadron；his　first　mission　was　in　late　September：　target；　the　airfield　outside　Munich。Two　of　the　men　in　his　crew；　a　bombardier　and　a　flight　engineer；　were　ontheir　last　missions　before　going　home。　A　fighter　escort　joined　them　〃andwe　were　bouncing　gaily　along　in　the　blue〃　when　dead　ahead　a　thick；　coal…blackcloud　appeared。　〃Take　a　good　look　at　it；　fellows；〃　the　veteran　bombardiercalled　over　the　inter；　〃because　it　’s　flak　and　you’ll　be　seeing　plentyof　it　from　now　on。〃　Hammer　was　appalled　to　see　the　squadron　of　B…24's　aheadfly　directly　into　the　stuff。　Fools；　he　thought。　Why　don　’t　they　just　flyaround　it？　He　saw　two　planes　get　hit　and　start　down。　Shortly　after；　〃wewere　heading　for　that　same　suicidal　cloud。〃
The　plane　started　〃bucking　like　a　rodeo　bronco。〃　There　was　a　crack。Hammer　looked　quizzically　at　the　veteran　engineer；　who　pointed　to　a　holean　inch　long　and　a　quarter…inch　wide　made　by　shrapnel。　After　what　seemedan　eternity　that　in　fact　had　lasted　for　less　than　ten　minutes；　the　bombswere　away　and　Hammer’s　plane　turned　for　home。　〃We　were　bat　veteransnow。〃
__________________________
Radio　operator　Sgt。　Howard　Goodner　flew　his　first　mission　in　October；1944。　His　plane　was　a　B…24　flown　by　Lt。　Richard　Farrington；　his　squadronwas　the　787th；　a　part　of　the　466th　Bomb　Group；　Eighth　Air　Force。　Low　cloudscovered　the　airfield　and　when　Farrington　got　his　craft　off　the　ground；　hecould　not　see。　Flying　blind　as　he　climbed；　relying　on　his　instruments；　followinghis　heading；　Farrington　was　quickly　covered　with　sweat。　Up；　up；　up　he　went；until　he　got　above　the　clouds。　No　amount　of　practice　could　have　preparedthe　pilot　and　crew　for　what　they　encountered　　—　B…24's；　glittering　likemica；　were　popping　up　out　of　the　clouds　over　here；　over　there；　everywhere。They　formed　up　and　straightened　out　for　the　target。　Farrington　called　outover　the　inter；　〃This　is　it；　boys。　We’re　on　our　way　to　the　war。〃
Ahead　shells　were　bursting　all　over　the　sky；　sending　out　shards　of　shrapnel。The　lead　squadron　of　B…24's　perated　the　flak。　〃Mary；　Mother　of　God；〃one　crew　member　mumbled　into　the　inter。　〃Mary；　Mother　of　God；　get　meout　of　this。〃　Farrington　took　them　right　into　it。　Jarring　detonations　eruptedaround　them。　The　plane　bumped　and　shuddered。　But　it　kept　flying　straightand　level；　until　the　bombs　were　released。　Farrington　banked；　got　away　fromthe　flak；　and　headed　home。　Sergeant　Goodner　reached　into　his　jacket　pocketfor　the　Tootsie　Roll　he　carried　with　him。　It　was　frozen　solid。　When　theplane　landed；　Goodner　had　his　first　mission　behind　him。
_____________________________
On　November　18；　McGovern　was　Surbeck’s　co…pilot　on　another　milk　run。The　target　was　the　German　airfield　near　Vicenza；　Austria。　The　weather　wasfair　and　the　bombing　was　visual。　Over　50　per　cent　of　the　bombs　fell　in　thetarget　area　causing　extensive　damage　to　the　installation。　Flak　was　lightand　generally　inaccurate。　No　German　fighters　were　seen。　The　group　returnedto　Cerignola　without　casualties。
McGovern　flew　again　the　next　day　and　it　was　no　milk　run。　The　targetwas　a　refinery　near　Vienna。　Because　of　cloud　cover；　the　lead　plane　usedits　Mickey　and　no　results　were　seen；　but　dropping　bombs　by　radar　insteadof　visually　meant　few　of　them　hit　what　they　wanted　to　hit　and　the　damagewas　minimal。　Flak　was　intense　but　inaccurate　and　all　planes　returned　tobase。
On　November　20；　on　McGovern　’s　final　mission　as　a　co…pilot；　the　targetwas　factories　at　Zlin；　Czechoslovakia。　It　was　a　secondary；　or　alternative；target；　but　the　original　objective　had　been　obscured　by　clouds；　so　the　leadpilot　took　the　group　to　Zlin。　There　the　weather　was　clear　and　the　bombingwas　done　visually；　with　excellent　results。　Best　of　all；　there　was　no　flakover　Zlin。　All　planes　returned　safely。
After　debriefing；　McGovern　would　meet　with　Rounds；　Adams；　and　his　crew。They　fired　questions　at　him　about　what　it　was　like；　most　of　all　the　flak。〃They　were　filled　with　questions　every　day；〃　McGovern　recalled；　〃waitingfor　me　when　I　came　back。〃
Once　the　session　was　over；　McGovern　would　steer　his　way　into　the　officer’s　club　for　a　Coca…Cola　or　a　beer。　There　he　would　listen　to　the　veteranpilots　talk　and　ask　his　own　questions。　It　was　shop　talk。　From　almost　everyone　of　the　discussions　he　would　absorb　information。　The　topics　were　theB…24's；　the　crews；　the　Germans。　What　rpm　at　what　altitude？　Why　was　thisgauge　or　that　instruments　malfunctioning？　Is　there　any　way　to　stay　straightand　level　over　the　target　and　still　avoid　the　flak？　How　long　can　an　enginebe　on　fire　before　it　detonates　the　gas　tank？　What　can　you　do　when　a　bombgets　stuck　in　the　bomb　bay？　How　does　the　plane　fly　with　only　three　enginesoperating？　With　two？　When　the　hydraulic　system　has　leaked　or　been　shot　out；how　do　you　get　the　wheels　down？
McGovern　had　flown　four　missions　on　four　days。　These　consecutive　missionswere　about　the　absolute　limit。　They　left　the　pilot　and　his　crew　haggard；worn；　jumpy；　frazzled　and　spent。　But　each　one　of　the　attacks　counted　towardthe　thirty…five　missions　that；　when　pleted；　would　allow　McGovern　to　returnto　the　States。　When　he　had　time　to　write　to　Eleanor；　McGovern　noted　thenumber　in　his　letter　　—　number　five　after　the　mission　to　Zlin。
〃I　worried；　as　any　wife　would；〃　Eleanor　said　three　decades　later。　〃Iwould　feel　a　stab　of　fear　whenever　someone　knocked　at　the　door　or　the　telephonerang。　The　first　thing　I　would　do　when　I　got　a　letter　from　George　was　toscan　through　it　for　a　number　　—　the　number　of　missions　pleted。　Thatwas　the　first　thing　I　wanted　to　know。　Then　I’d　go　back　to　read　the　letter。〃
___________________________
On　December　16；　radio　operator　Sgt。　Mel　TenHaken　flew　his　first　mission；against　a　refinery　at　Brux；　Czechoslovakia。　Because　the　crew　were　new；　thepilot；　Lieutenant　Cord；　was　a　veteran　ofthirty…one　missions。　TenHaken　’s　regular　pilot　flew　as　co…pilot　that　day。　There　was　another　newer；　aphotographer　on　his　seventeenth　mission。　Theirs　would　be　one　of　the　lasttwo　planes　on　the　bomb　run　and　his　photos　would　be　among　the　official　recordsof　the　raid　’s　effect。
When　the　Group　formed　up　and　headed　toward　the　target；　TenHaken　saw〃a　seemingly　endless　line　of　planes。　I　had　never　seen　this　many　in　one　placeat　one　time。〃　He　thought　that　〃obviously　Rosie　the　riveter　back　home　hadbeen　very　busy。〃　The　bombers　were　at　25；000　feet；　just　below　the　26；000…footceil