四季随笔-the private papers of henry ryecroft(英文版)-第14部分

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one　subject；　that　of　ecclesiastical　history。　Rising　at　four　o'clock；　he　read　and　wrote　until　half…past　nine　in　the　evening；　interrupting　his　work　only　to　say　the　Offices　of　the　Church；　and　for　a　couple　of　hours'　breathing　at　mid…day。　Few　were　his　absences。　When　he　had　to　make　a　journey；　he　set　forth　on　foot；　staff　in　hand；　and　lightened　the　way　by　singing　to　himself　a　psalm　or　canticle。　This　man　of　profound　erudition　had　as　pure　and　simple　a　heart　as　ever　dwelt　in　mortal。　He　loved　to　stop　by　the　road　and　talk　with　children；　and　knew　how　to　hold　their　attention　whilst　teaching　them　a　lesson。　Seeing　boy　or　girl　in　charge　of　a　cow；　he　would　ask：　〃How　is　it　that　you；　a　little　child；　are　able　to　control　that　animal；　so　much　bigger　and　stronger？〃　And　he　would　show　the　reason；　speaking　of　the　human　soul。　All　this　about　Tillemont　is　new　to　me；　well　as　I　knew　his　name　（from　the　pages　of　Gibbon）；　I　thought　of　him　merely　as　the　laborious　and　accurate　piler　of　historical　materials。　Admirable　as　was　his　work；　the　spirit　in　which　he　performed　it　is　the　thing　to　dwell　upon；　he　studied　for　study's　sake；　and　with　no　aim　but　truth；　to　him　it　was　a　matter　of　indifference　whether　his　learning　ever　became　known　among　men；　and　at　any　moment　he　would　have　given　the　fruits　of　his　labour　to　any　one　capable　of　making　use　of　them。
Think　of　the　world　in　which　the　Jansenists　were　living；　the　world　of　the　Fronde；　of　Richelieu　and　Mazarin；　of　his　refulgent　Majesty　Louis　XIV。　Contrast　Port…Royal　with　Versailles；　and……whatever　one's　judgment　of　their　religious　and　ecclesiastical　aims……one　must　needs　say　that　these　men　lived　with　dignity。　The　Great　Monarch　is；　in　parison；　a　poor；　sordid　creature。　One　thinks　of　Moliere　refused　burial……the　king's　contemptuous　indifference　for　one　who　could　do　no　more　to　amuse　him　being　a　true　measure　of　the　royal　greatness。　Face　to　face　with　even　the　least　of　these　grave　and　pious　men；　how　paltry　and　unclean　are　all　those　courtly　figures；　not　THERE　was　dignity；　in　the　palace　chambers　and　the　stately　gardens；　but　in　the　poor　rooms　where　the　solitaries　of　Port…Royal　prayed　and　studied　and　taught。　Whether　or　not　the　ideal　for　mankind；　their　life　was　worthy　of　man。　And　what　is　rarer　than　a　life　to　which　that　praise　can　be　given？
IX
It　is　amusing　to　note　the　superficial　forms　of　reaction　against　scientific　positivism。　The　triumph　of　Darwin　was　signalized　by　the　invention　of　that　happy　word　Agnostic；　which　had　great　vogue。　But　agnosticism；　as　a　fashion；　was　far　too　reasonable　to　endure。　There　came　a　rumour　of　Oriental　magic；　（how　the　world　repeats　itself！）　and　presently　every　one　who　had　nothing　better　to　do　gossipped　about　〃esoteric　Buddhism〃……the　saving　adjective　sounded　well　in　a　drawing…　room。　It　did　not　hold　very　long；　even　with　the　novelists；　for　the　English　taste　this　esotericism　was　too　exotic。　Somebody　suggested　that　the　old　table…turning　and　spirit…rapping；　which　had　homely　associations；　might　be　re…considered　in　a　scientific　light；　and　the　idea　was　seized　upon。　Superstition　pranked　in　the　professor's　spectacles；　it　set　up　a　laboratory；　and　printed　grave　reports。　Day　by　day　its　sphere　widened。　Hypnotism　brought　matter　for　the　marvel…　mongers；　and　there　followed　a　long　procession　of　words　in　limping　Greek……a　little　difficult　till　practice　had　made　perfect。　Another　fortunate　terminologist　hit　upon　the　word　〃psychical〃……the　P　might　be　sounded　or　not；　according　to　the　taste　and　fancy　of　the　pronouncer……and　the　fashionable　children　of　a　scientific　age　were　thoroughly　at　ease。　〃There　MUST　be　something；　you　know；　one　always　felt　that　there　MUST　be　something。〃　And　now；　if　one　may　judge　from　what　one　reads；　psychical　〃science〃　is　fortably　joining　hands　with　the　sorcery　of　the　Middle　Ages。　It　is　said　to　be　a　lucrative　moment　for　wizards　that　peep　and　that　mutter。　If　the　law　against　fortune…telling　were　as　strictly　enforced　in　the　polite　world　as　it　occasionally　is　in　slums　and　hamlets；　we　should　have　a　merry　time。　But　it　is　difficult　to　prosecute　a　Professor　of　Telepathy……and　how　he　would　wele　the　advertisement！
Of　course　I　know　very　well　that　all　that　make　use　of　these　words　are　not　in　one　and　the　same　category。　There　is　a　study　of　the　human　mind；　in　health　and　in　disease；　which　calls　for　as　much　respect　as　any　other　study　conscientiously　and　capably　pursued；　that　it　lends　occasion　to　fribbles　and　knaves　is　no　argument　against　any　honest　tendency　of　thought。　Men　whom　one　cannot　but　esteem　are　deeply　engaged　in　psychical　investigations；　and　have　convinced　themselves　that　they　are　brought　into　touch　with　phenomena　inexplicable　by　the　monly　accepted　laws　of　life。　Be　it　so。　They　may　be　on　the　point　of　making　discoveries　in　the　world　beyond　sense。　For　my　own　part；　everything　of　this　kind　not　only　does　not　interest　me；　I　turn　from　it　with　the　strongest　distaste。　If　every　wonder…story　examined　by　the　Psychical　Society　were　set　before　me　with　irresistible　evidence　of　its　truth；　my　feeling　（call　it　my　prejudice）　would　undergo　no　change　whatever。　No　whit　the　less　should　I　yawn　over　the　next　batch；　and　lay　the　narratives　aside　with……yes；　with　a　sort　of　disgust。　〃An　ounce　of　civet；　good　apothecary！〃　Why　it　should　be　so　with　me　I　cannot　say。　I　am　as　indifferent　to　the　facts　or　fancies　of　spiritualism　as　I　am；　for　instance；　to　the　latest　mechanical　application　of　electricity。　Edisons　and　Marconis　may　thrill　the　world　with　astounding　novelties；　they　astound　me；　as　every　one　else；　but　straightway　I　forget　my　astonishment；　and　am　in　every　respect　the　man　I　was　before。　The　thing　has　simply　no　concern　for　me；　and　I　care　not　a　volt　if　to…morrow　the　proclaimed　discovery　be　proved　a　journalist's　mistake　or　invention。
Am　I；　then；　a　hidebound　materialist？　If　I　know　myself；　hardly　that。　Once；　in　conversation　with　G。　A。；　I　referred　to　his　position　as　that　of　the　agnostic。　He　corrected　me。　〃The　agnostic　grants　that　there　MAY　be　something　beyond　the　sphere　of　man's　knowledge；　I　can　make　no　such　admission。　For　me；　what　is　called　the　unknowable　is　simply　the　non…existent。　We　see　what　is；　and　we　see　all。〃　Now　this　gave　me　a　sort　of　shock；　it　seemed　incredible　to　me　that　a　man　of　so　much　intelligence　could　hold　such　a　view。　So　far　am　I　from　feeling　satisfied　with　any　explanation；　scientific　or　other；　of　myself　and　of　the　world　about　me；　that　not　a　day　goes　by　but　I　fall　a…　marvelling　before　the　mystery　of　the　universe。　To　trumpet　the　triumphs　of　human　knowledge　seems　to　me　worse　than　childishness；　now；　as　of　old；　we　know　but　one　thing……that　we　know　nothing。　What！　Can　I　pluck　the　flower　by　the　wayside；　and；　as　I　gaze　at　it；　feel　that；　if　I　knew　all　the　teachings　of　histology；　morphology；　and　so　on；　with　regard　to　it；　I　should　have　exhausted　its　meanings？　What　is　all　this　but　words；　words；　words？　Interesting；　yes；　as　observation；　but；　the　more　interesting；　so　much　the　more　provocative　of　wonder　and　of　hopeless　questioning。　One　may　gaze　and　think　till　the　brain　whirls……till　the　little　blossom　in　one's　hand　bees　as　overwhelming　a　miracle　as　the　very　sun　in　heaven。　Nothing　to　be　known？　The　flower　simply　a　flower；　and　there　an　end　on't？　The　man　simply　a　product　of　evolutionary　law；　his　senses　and　his　intellect　merely　availing　him　to　take　account　of　the　natural　mechanism　of　which　he　forms　a　part？　I　find　it　very　hard　to　believe　that　this　is　the　conviction　of　any　human　mind。　Rather　I　would　think　that　despair　at　an　insoluble　problem；　and　perhaps　impatience　with　those　who　pretend　to　solve　it；　bring　about　a　resolute　disregard　of　everything　beyond　the　physical　fact；　and　so　at　length　a　self…deception　which　seems　obtuseness。
X
It　may　well　be　that　what　we　call　the　unknowable　will　be　for　ever　the　unknown。　In　that　thought　is　there　not　a　pathos　beyond　words？　It　may　be　that　the　human　race　will　live　and　pass　away；　all　mankind；　from　him　who　in　the　world's　dawn　first　shaped　to　his　fearful　mind　an　image　of　the　Lord　of　Life；　to　him　who；　in　the　dusking　twilight　of　the　last　age；　shall　crouch　before　a　deity　of　stone　or　wood；　and　never　one　of　that　long　lineage　have　learnt　the　wherefore　of　his　being。　The　prophets；　the　martyrs；　their　noble　anguish　vain　and　meaningless；　the　wise　whose　thought　strove　to　eternity；　and　was　but　an　idle　dream；　the　pure　in　heart　whose　life　was　a　vision　of　the　living　God；　the　suffering　and　the　mourners　whose　solace　was　in　a　world　to　e；　the　victims　of　injustice　who　cried　to　the　Judge　Supreme……all　gone　down　into　silence；　and　the　globe　that　bare　them　circling　dead　and　cold　through　soundless　space。　The　most　tragic　aspect　of　such　a　tragedy　is　that　it　is　not　unthinkable。　The　soul　revolts；　but　dare　not　see　in　this　revolt　the　assurance　of　its　higher　destiny。　Viewing　our　life　thus；　is　it　not　easier　to　believe　that　the　tragedy　is　played　with　no　spectator？　And　of　a　truth；　of　a　truth；　what　spectator　can　there　be？　The　day　may　e　when；　to　all　who　live；　the　Name　of　Names　will　be　but　an　empty　symbol；　rejected　by　reason　and　by　faith。　Yet　the　tragedy　will　be　played　on。
It　is　not；　I　say；　unthinkable；　but　that　is　not　the　same　thing　as　to　declare　that　life　has　no　meaning　beyond　the　sense　it　bears　to　human　intelligence。　The　intelligence　itself　rejects　such　a　supposition；　in　my　case；　with　impatience　and　scorn。　No　theory　of　the　world　which　ever　came　to　my　knowledge　is　to　me　for　one　moment　acceptable；　the　possibility　of　an　explanation　which　would　set　my　mind　at　rest　is　to　me　inconceivable；　no　whit　the　less　am　I　convinced　that　there　is　a　Reason　of　the　All；　one　which　transcends　my　understanding；　one　no　glimmer　of　which　will　ever　touch　my　apprehension；　a　Reason　which　must　imply　a　creative　power；　and　therefore；　even　whilst　a　necessity　of　my　thought；　is　by　the　same　criticized　into　nothing。　A　like　antinomy　with　that　which　affects　our　conception　of　the　infinite　in　time　and　space。　Whether　the　rational　processes　have　reached　their　final　development；　who　shall　say？　Perhaps　what　seem　to　us　the　impassable　limits　of　thought　are　but　the　conditions　of　a　yet　early　stage　in　the　history　of　man。　Those　who　make　them　a　proof　of　a　〃future　state〃　must　necessarily　suppose　gradations　in　that　futurity；　does　the　savage；　scarce　risen　above　the　brute；　enter　upon　the　same　〃new　life〃　as　the　man　of　highest　civilization？　Such　gropings　of　the　mind　certify　our　ignorance；　the　strange　thing　is　that　they　can　be　held　by　any　one　to　demonstrate　that　our　ignorance　is　final　knowledge。
XI
Yet　that；　perhaps；　will　be　the　mind　of　ing　man；　if　not　the　final　attainment　of　his　intellectual　progress；　at　all　events　a　long　period　of　self…satisfaction；　assumed　as　finality。　We　talk　of　the　〃ever　aspiring　soul〃；　we　take　for　granted　that　if　one　religion　passes　away；　another　must　arise。　But　what　if　man　presently　find　himself　without　spiritual　needs？　Such　modification　of　his　being　cannot　be　deemed　impossible；　many　signs　of　our　life　to…day　seem　to　point　towards　it。　If　the　habits　of　thought　favoured　by　physical　science　do　but　sink　deep　enough；　and　no　vast　calamity　e　to　check　mankind　in　its　advance　to　material　contentment；　the　age　of　true　positivism　may　arise。　Then　it　will　be　the　mon　privilege；　〃rerum　cognoscere　causas〃；　the　word　supernatural　will　have　no　sense；　superstition　will　be　a　dimly　understood　trait　of　the　early　race；　and　where　now　we　perceive　an　appalling　Mystery；　everything　will　be　lucid　and　serene　as　a　geometric　demonstration。　Such　an　epoch　of　Reason　might　be　the　happiest　the　world　could　know。　Indeed；　it　would　either　be　that；　or　it　would　never　e　about　at　all。　For　suffering　and　sorrow　are　the　great　Doctors　of　Metaphysic；　and；　remembering　this；　one　cannot　count　very　surely　upon　the　rationalist　millennium。
XII
The　free　man；　says　Spinoza；　thinks　of　nothing　less　often　than　of　death。　Free；　in　his　sense　of　the　word；　I　may　not　call　myself。　I　think　of　death　very　often；　the　thought；　indeed；　is　ever　in　the　background　of　my　mind；　yet　free　in　another　sense　I　assuredly　am；　for　death　inspires　me　with　no　fear。　There　was　a　time　when　I　dreaded　it；　but　that；　merely　because　it　meant　disaster　to　others　who　depended　upon　my　labour；　the　cessation　of　being　has　never　in　itself　had　power　to　afflict　me。　Pain　I　cannot　well　endure；　and　I　do　indeed　think　with　apprehension　of　being　subjected　to　the　trial　of　long　deathbed　torments。　It　is　a　sorry　thing　that　the　man　who　has　fronted　destiny　with　something　of　manly　calm　throughout　a　life　of　stress　and　of　striving；　may；　when　he　nears　the　end；　be　dishonoured　by　a　weakness　which　is　mere　disease。　But　happily　I　am　not　often　troubled　by　that　dark　anticipation。
I　always　turn　out　of　my　way　to　walk　through　a　country　churchyard；　these　rural　resting…places　are　as　attractive　to　me　as　a　town　cemetery　is　repugnant。　I　read　the　names　upon　the　stones；　and　find　a　deep　solace　in　thinking　that　for　all　these　the　fret　and　the　fear　of　life　are　over。　There　es　to　me　no　touch　of　sadness；　whether　it　be　a　little　child　or　an　aged　man；　I　have　the　same　sense　of　happy　acplishment；　the　end　having　e；　and　with　it　the　eternal　peace；　what　matter　if　it　came　late　or　soon？　There　is　no　such　gratulation　as　Hic　jacet。　There　is　no　such　dignity　as　that　of　death。　In　the　path　trodden　by　the　noblest　of　mankind　these　have　followed；　that　which　of　all　who　live　is　the　utmost　thing　demanded；　these　have　achieved。　I　cannot　sorrow　for　them；　but　the　thought　of　their　vanished　life　moves　me　to　a　brotherly　tenderness。　The　dead；　amid　this　leafy　silence；　seem　to　whisper　encouragement　to　him　whose　fate　yet　lingers：　As　we　are；　so　shalt　thou　be；　and　behold　our　quiet！
XIII
Many　a　time；　when　life　went　hard　with　me；　I　have　betaken　myself　to　the　Stoics；　and　not　all　in　vain。　Marcus　Aurelius　has　often　been　one　of　my　bedside　books；　I　have　read　him　in　the　night　watches；　when　I　could　not　sleep　for　misery；　and　when　assuredly　I　could　have　read　nothing　else。　He　did　not　remove　my　burden；　his　proofs　of　the　vanity　of　earthly　troubles　availed　me　nothing；　but　there　was　a　soothing　harmony　in　his　thought　which　partly　lulled　my　mind；　and　the　mere　wish　that　I　could　find　strength　to　emulate　that　high　example　（though　I　knew　that　I　never　should）　was　in　itself　a　safeguard　against　the　baser　impulses　of　wretchedness。　I　read　him　still；　but　with　no　turbid　emotion；　thinking　rather　of　the　man　than　of　the　philosophy；　and　holding　his　image　dear　in　my　heart　of　hearts。
Of　course　the　intellectual　assumption　which　makes　his　system　untenable　by　the　thinker　of　our　time　is：　that　we　possess　a　knowledge　of　the　absolute。　Noble　is　the　belief　that　by　exercise　of　his　reason　a　man　may　enter　into　munion　with　that　Rational　Essence　which　is　the　soul　of　the　world；　but　precisely　because　of　our　inability　to　find　within　ourselves　any　such　sure　and　certain　guidance　do　we　of　to…day　accept　the　barren　doom　of　scepticism。　Otherwise；　the　Stoic's　sense　of　man's　subordination　in　the　universal　scheme；　and　of　the　all…ruling　destiny；　brings　him　into　touch　with　our　own　philosophical　views；　and　his　doctrine　concerning　the　〃sociable〃　nature　of　man；　of　the　reciprocal　obligations　which　exist　between　all　who　live；　are　entirely　congenial　to　the　better　spirit　of　our　day。　His　fatalism　is　not　mere　resignation；　one　has　not　only　to　accept　one's　lot；　whatever　it　is；　as　inevitable；　but　to　accept　it　with　joy；　with　praises。　Why　are　we　here？　For　the　same　reason　that　has　brought　about　the　existence　of　a　horse；　or　of　a　vine；　to　play　the　part　allotted　to　us　by　Nature。　As　it　is　within　our　power　to　understand　the　order　of　things；　so　are　we　capable　of　guiding　ourselves　in　accordance　therewith；　the　will