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源平慎弌傍利 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


magicians�此 �One  of  them  was  causing  eggs  to  march  down  a  pole  without 
dropping them!as if on a broad slab of marble!to the beat of a tambourine 
played  by  another。  In  one  wagon  I  saw  precisely  how  Sea´Captain  K��l�殖拭 �Ali 
Pasha  had  forced  the  infidels  he¨d  captured  at  sea  to  make  an  ^infidels¨ 
mountain ̄ out of clay�察�he¨d then loaded all the slaves into the cart�察�and when 
he   was   right   before   the   Sultan�察  �he   exploded   the   powder   within   the 
^mountain ̄ to demonstrate how he¨d made infidel lands wail and moan with 
cannon fire。 I saw clean´shaven butchers wielding cleavers�察�wearing rose´ and 
purple´colored  uniforms  and  smiling  at  the  pink  carcasses  of  skinned  sheep 
hanging from hooks。 The spectators applauded lion tamers who¨d brought a 
chained lion before Our Sultan�察�provoking and enraging it until its eyes shone 
bloodred with rage�察�and on the next page�察�I saw the lion�察�representing Islam�察�
chase  away  a  gray´and´pink  pig�察 �symbolizing  the  cunning  Christian  infidel。  I 
indulged my eyes at length on a picture of a barber suspended upside down 
from the ceiling of a shop built onto a cart�察�as he shaved a customer while his 
assistant�察 �dressed  in  red�察 �held  a  mirror  and  a  silver  bowl  containing  fragrant 
soap�察 �waiting  for  baksheesh�察 �I  inquired  after  the  identity  of  the  magnificent 
miniaturist responsible for the piece。 
^It  is  indeed  important  that  a  painting�察 �through  its  beauty�察 �summon  us 
toward life¨s abundance�察�toward passion�察�toward respect for the colors of 
the realm which God created�察�and toward reflection and faith。 The identity of 
the miniaturist is not important。 ̄ 
65 
 
Was Nuri the Miniaturist�察�who was much more subtle in thought than I¨d 
assumed�察�being reserved because he understood that my Enishte sent me here 
to investigate�察�or was he merely parroting Head Illuminator Master Osman�拭�
^Is Elegant the one responsible for all this gilding work�拭院�I asked。 ^Who¨s 
doing the gilding now�察�in his stead�拭院�
The shouts and screams of children could now be heard through the open 
door  that  faced  the  inner  courtyard。  Below�察 �one  of  the  division  heads  had 
started  administering  the  bastinado  to  apprentices  who¨d  most  likely  been 
caught with red ink powder in their pockets or gold leaf hidden away in a fold 
of  paper�察 �probably  the  two  whom  I¨d  seen  trembling  as  they  waited  in  the 
cold。 Young painters�察�seizing an opportunity to mock them�察�ran to the door to 
watch。 
^By the time the apprentices paint the ground of the Hippodrome here  a 
rose  color�察 �finishing  it  off  as  our  Master  Osman  has  dictated�察院 �said  Nuri 
Effendi  cautiously�察  �our  brother  Elegant  Effendi�察 �God  willing�察 �will  have 
returned from wherever he¨s gone and will plete the gilding on these two 
pages。  Our  master�察 �Osman  the  Miniaturist�察 �wanted  Elegant  Effendi  to  color 
the dirt floor of the Hippodrome differently in each scene。 Rose pink�察�Indian 
green�察�saffron yellow or the color of goose shit。 Whosoever beholds the picture 
will  realize  in  the  first  rendering  this  is  a  dirt  square  and  should  be  earth´
colored�察�but in the second and third pictures�察�he¨ll want other colors to keep 
himself amused。 Embellishing ought to bring merriment to the page。 ̄ 
I noticed some pictures on a sheet of paper that an assistant left in a corner。 
He was working on a single´leaf picture for a Book of Victories�察�the depiction of 
a naval fleet heading off to battle�察�but it was obvious that the screams of his 
friends whose soles were being severely beaten�察�provoked the illustrator to run 
off and watch。 The fleet he made by repeatedly tracing identical ships with a 
block pattern didn¨t even seem to float in the sea�察�yet�察�this artificiality�察�the lack 
of  wind  in  the  sails�察 �had  less  to  do  with  the  block  pattern  than  the  young 
painter¨s  lack  of  skill。  I  saw  with  sorrow  that  the  pattern  had  been  cut 
violently out of an old book which I couldn¨t identify�察�perhaps a collage album。 
Obviously�察�Master Osman was overlooking quite a lot。 
When we came to his own worktable�察�Nuri Effendi proudly stated that he 
finished a gilded royal insignia for Our Sultan�察�which he¨d been working on for 
three weeks。 I respectfully admired Nuri Effendi¨s gold inlay and the insignia�察�
which had been made on an empty sheet to ensure that its recipient and the 
reason for its being sent would remain secret。 I knew well enough that many 
66 
 
impetuous  pashas  in  the  East  had  refrained  from  rebellion  upon  seeing  the 
noble and potent splendor of the Sultan¨s royal insignia。 
Next�察 �we  saw  the  last  masterpieces  that  Jemal  the  Calligrapher  had 
transcribed�察 �pleted  and  left  behind�察 �but  we  passed  over  them  hastily  to 
avoid giving credence to opponents of color and decoration who maintained 
that  true  art  consisted  of  calligraphy  alone  and  that  decorative  illumination 
was simply a secondary means of adding emphasis。 
Nas��r the Limner was making a mess of a plate he intended to repair from a 
version of the Quintet of Nizami dating back to the era of Tamerlane¨s sons�察�
the picture depicted H┨srev looking at a naked Shirin as she bathed。 
A niy´two´year´old former master who was half blind and had nothing 
to say besides claiming that sixty years ago he kissed Master Bizhad¨s hand in 
Tabriz and that the great master of legend was blind and drunk at the time�察�
showed us with trembling hands the ornamentation on the pen box he would 
present as a holiday gift to Our Sultan when it was pleted three months 
hence。 
Shortly  a  silence  enveloped  the  whole  workshop  where  close  to  eighty 
painters�察�students and apprentices worked in the small cells which constituted 
the  lower  floor。  This  was  a  postbeating  silence�察 �the  likes  of  which  I¨d 
experienced many times�察�a silence which would be broken at times by a nerve´
wracking  chuckle  or  a  witticism�察 �at  times  by  a  few  sobs  or  the  suppressed 
moan  of  the  beaten  boy  before  his  crying  fit  would  remind  the  master 
miniaturists  of  the  beatings  they  themselves  received  as  apprentices。  But  the 
half´blind  niy´two´year´old  master  caused  me  to  sense  something  deeper 
for  a  moment�察 �here�察 �far  from  all  the  battles  and  turmoil�此 �the  feeling  that 
everything  was  ing  to  an  end。  Immediately  before  the  end  of  the  world�察�
there would also be such silence。 
Painting is the silence of thought and the music of sight。 
As I kissed Master Osman¨s hand to bid him farewell�察�I felt not only great 
respect toward him�察�but a sentiment that plunged my soul into turmoil�此�pity 
mixed  with  the  adoration  befitting  a  saint�察 �a  peculiar  feeling  of  guilt。  This�察�
perhaps�察 �because  my  Enishte!who  wanted  painters�察 �openly  or  secretly�察 �to 
imitate the methods of the Frankish masters!was his rival。 
I suddenly sensed�察�as well�察�that I was perhaps seeing the great master alive 
for  the  last  time�察 �and  in  the  fluster  of  wanting  to  please  and  hearten  him�察 �I 
asked a question�此�
67 
 
^My great master�察�my dear sir�察�what separates the genuine miniaturist from 
the ordinary�拭院�I assumed the Head Illuminator�察�who was accustomed to such 
fawning  questions�察 �would  give  me  a  dismissive  response�察 �and  that  he  was 
presently in the midst of forgetting who I was altogether。 
^There is no single measure that can distinguish the great miniaturist from 
the unskilled and faithless one�察院�he said in all seriousness。 ^This changes with 
time。  Yet  the  skills  and  morality  with  which  he  would  face  the  evils  that 
threaten  our  art  are  of  significance。  Today�察 �in  order  to  determine  just  how 
genuine a young painter is�察�I¨d ask him three questions。 ̄ 
^And what would they be�拭院�
^Has  he  e  to  believe�察 �under  the  sway  of  recent  custom  as  well  as  the 
influence of the Chinese and the European Franks�察�that he ought to have an 
individual painting technique�察�his own style�拭�As an illustrator�察�does he want to 
have a manner�察�an aspect distinct from others�察�and does he attempt to prove 
this by signing his name somewhere in his work like the Frankish masters�拭�To 
determine precisely these things�察�I¨d first ask him a question about  ̄style` and 
^signature。 ̄^ 
^And then�拭院�I asked respectfully。 
^Then�察 �I¨d  want  to  learn  how  this  illustrator  felt  about  volumes  changing 
hands�察 �being  unbound�察 �and  our  pictures  being  used  in  other  books  and  in 
other eras after the shahs and sultans who¨d missioned them have died。 
This is a subtle issue demanding a response beyond one¨s being simply upset 
or  pleased  by  it。  Thus�察 �I¨d  ask  the  illustrator  a  question  about   ̄time`!an 
illustrator¨s time and Allah¨s time。 Do you follow me�察�my child�拭亜�
Nay。 But that¨s not what I said。 Instead�察�I asked�察 �And the third question�拭院�
^The third would be  ̄blindness`� 亜�said the great master Head Illuminator 
Osman�察�who then fell silent as if this required no explication。 
^What is it about  ̄blindness`�拭亜�I said with embarrassment。 
^Blindness is silence。 If you bine what I¨ve just now said�察�the first and 
the second questions�察 �blindness¨ will emerge。 It¨s the farthest one can go in 
illustrating�察�it is seeing what appears out of Allah¨s own blackness。^ 
I  said  no  more。  I  walked  outside。  I  descended  the  icy  stairs  without 
hurrying。 I knew that I would ask the great master¨s three great questions of 
Butterfly�察�Olive and Stork�察�not only for the sake of conversation�察�but to better 
understand these living legends who were contemporaries of mine。 
68 
 
I  did  not�察 �however�察 �go  to  the  master  illuminators¨  houses  immediately。  I 
met with Esther near the Jewish quarter at a new bazaar that had an elevated 
view of the confluence of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus。 Esther was all 
atwitter in the pink dress she was forced to wear as a Jew�察�with her large and 
lively  body�察 �her  mouth  which  never  stopped  moving�察 �and  her  eyebrows  and 
eyes  which  twitched  madly  and  signaled  to  me�察 �indeed�察 �this  is  how  she  was 
among  the  shopping  slave  women�察 �the  women  wearing  the  faded  and  loose 
caftans   of   poor   neighborhoods   and   among   the   crowds   that   had   lost 
themselves amid carrots�察�quinces and small bundles of onions and turnips。 
She stuffed the letter I gave her into her shalwar pants with an adept and 
mysterious gesture�察�as if the whole market were spying upon us。 She told me 
that  Shekure  was  thinking  of  me。  She  took  her  baksheesh  and  when  I  said�察�
^Please�察 �make  haste  and  deliver  it  straightaway�察院 �she  indicated  that  she  still 
had quite a lot of work to do by gesturing toward her bundle and said that she 
only  could  deliver  the  letter  to  Shekure  toward  midday。  I  asked  her  to  tell 
Shekure that I¨d gone to pay visits to the three young and renowned master 
miniaturists。 
 
 
   
69 
 
I AM CALLED ^BUTTERFLY ̄ 
 
The midday prayers had yet to be called。 A knock at the door�此�I opened it to 
find Black Effendi�察�who was among us for a while during our apprenticeships。 
We  embraced  and  kissed  on  the  cheeks。  I  was  wondering  whether  he¨d 
brought some word from his Enishte�察�when he said that he wanted to look at 
the  pages  I¨d  been  illustrating  and  at  my  paintings�察 �that  he¨d  called  in 
friendship�察 �and  was  going  to  direct  a  question  to  me  in  the  name  of  Our 
Sultan。 ^Very well�察院�I said�察 亜�to answer�拭院�
He told me。 Very well�察�then� �
 
Style and Signature 
 
^As  long  as  the  number  of  worthless  artists  motivated  by  money  and  fame 
instead of the pleasure of seeing and a belief in their craft increases�察院�I said�察�
^we  will  continue  to  witness  much  more  vulgarity  and  greed  akin  to  this 
preoccupation with  ̄style` and ^signature。 ̄^ I made this introduction because 
this was the way it is done�察�not because I believed what I said。 True ability and 
talent couldn¨t be corrupted even by the love of gold or fame。 Furthermore�察�if 
truth be told�察�money and fame are the inalienable rights of the talented�察�as in 
my case�察�and only inspire us to greater feats。 But if I were to say this openly�察�
the mediocre illustrators in the miniaturists¨ division�察�rabid with envy�察�would 
pounce upon me�察�so�察�to prove that I love this work more than they themselves 
do�察�I¨ll paint the picture of a tree on a grain of rice。 I¨m well aware that this 
lust for  ̄style�察亜 �signature¨ and ^character` has e to us all the way from 
the East by way of certain unfortunate Chinese masters who¨ve been led astray 
under the influence of the Europeans�察�by pictures brought there from the West 
by Jesuit priests。 Nevertheless�察�let me tell you three parables that prise a 
recital on this topic。 ̄ 
 
   
70 
 
Three Parables on Style and Signature 
 
ALIF 
Once upon a time�察�to the North of Herat�察�in a mountain castle�察�there lived a 
young  Khan  who  was  fascinated  with  illuminating  and  painting。  This  Khan 
loved  only  one  of  the  women  in  his  harem�察 �and  this  striking  Tatar  woman�察�
whom  he  loved  madly�察 �loved  him  in  return。  They  engaged  in  such  bouts  of 
lovemaking�察�sweating until morning�察�and lived in such ecstasy that their only 
wish was to live eternally。 They soon discovered the best way to realize their 
wish was by opening books and gazing�察�for hours and hours and days on end�察�
upon the astounding and flawless pictures of the old masters。 As they stared at 
these  perfect  renderings�察 �unfalteringly  reproduced�察 �they  felt  as  though  time 
would stop and their own felicity would mingle with the bliss of the golden 
age  revealed  in  the  stories。  In  the  royal  bookmaker¨s  workshop�察 �there  was  a 
miniaturist�察�a master of masters�察�who made the same flawless pieces over and 
over  for  the  same  pages  of  the  same  books。  As  was  his  custom�察 �the  master 
depicted  the  anguish  of  Ferhad¨s  love  for  Shirin�察 �or  the  loving  and  desirous 
glances between Leyla and Mejnun�察�or the duplicitous�察�suggestive looks H┨srev 
and  Shirin  exchanged  in  that  fabled  heavenly  garden!with  one  slight 
alteration however�此�In place of these legendary lovers�察�the artist would paint 
the  Khan  and  his  Tatar  beauty。  Beholding  these  pages�察 �the  Khan  and  his 
beloved  were  thoroughly  convinced  that  their  rapture  would  never  end�察 �and 
they  showered  the  master  miniaturist  with  praises  and  gold。  Eventually�察�
however�察 �this  adulation  caused  the  miniaturist  to  stray  from  good  sense�察�
incited  by  the  Devil�察 �he  dismissed  the  fact  that  he  was  beholden  to  the  old 
masters for the perfection of his pictures�察�and haughtily assumed that a touch 
of his own genius would make his work even more appealing。 The Khan and 
his  beloved�察 �considering  these  innovations!the  personal  stylistic  touches  of 
the master miniaturist!nothing but imperfections�察�were deeply disturb
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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